Effects of Toluene on the Development of the Inner Ear and Lateral Line Sensory System of Zebrafish / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The aim of this study was to explore the ototoxicity of toluene in the early development of zebrafish embryos/larvae.@*Methods@#Zebrafish were utilized to explore the ototoxicity of toluene. Locomotion analysis, immunofluorescence, and qPCR were used to understand the phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of toluene ototoxicity.@*Results@#The results demonstrated that at 2 mmol/L, toluene induced zebrafish larvae death at 120 hours post fertilization (hpf) at a rate of 25.79% and inhibited the rate of hatching at 72 hpf. Furthermore, toluene exposure inhibited the distance travelled and average swimming velocity of zebrafish larvae while increasing the frequency of movements. As shown by fluorescence staining of hair cells, toluene inhibited the formation of lateral line neuromasts and middle line 1 (Ml @*Conclusion@#This study indicated that toluene may affect the development of both the inner ear and lateral line systems in zebrafish, while the lateral line system may be more sensitive to toluene than the inner ear.

Evaluation of inner ear congenital and developmental lesions by HRCT and MRI

To assess the role of HRCT and MR imaging in the evaluation of congenital and developmental anomalies of the inner ear and how the results could affect the management of such patients, 56 patients [43 males, 13 females, aged 7 days to 70 years] were examined by high resolution computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging between July 2000 and May 2004 for assessment of inner ear abnormalities. Eighty-five developmental and congenital inner ear lesions were detected in 67 temporal bones and were classified into three groups: Group A, lesions involving the proper inner ear structures [23 lesions in 14 temporal bones of 10 patients]; Group B, lesions involving vascular structures [58 lesions in 49 temporal bones of 43 patients]; Group C, facial nerve lesions [4 lesions in 4 temporal bones of 3 patients]. It was concluded that HRCT is the gold standard imaging modality for assessing lesions involving the osseous labyrinth of the inner ear and vascular structures while MRI significantly improves the diagnosis of lesions involving the membranous labyrinth and related cranial nerves. Both imaging modalities significantly help the otologist in treating and establishing the proper management plan for these patients

Efectos de la gentamicina y kanamicina a dosis terapéuticas en el desarrollo del oído interno de la ratas / Gentamicin and Kanamicin effects on the development of the internal ear in rat

Los aminoglucósidos son antibióticos de acción bactericida a nivel ribosomal en la subunidad 30s, en donde se inhiben la síntesis proteica y disminuye la fidelidad de la traslación del RNAm. La ototoxicidad es el resultado de la destrucción progresiva de células sensoriales a nivel coclear y vestibular. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los cambios histopatológicos en el desarrollo del oído interno en embriones de rata al administrarse gentamicina a dosis de 3.5 mg/Kg/día y 7 mg/Kg/día por 21 días y kanamicina a dosis de 7 mg/Kg/día y 15 mg/Kg/día por 21 días. Los productos fueron sacrificados a los 7 y 14 días de gestación e inmediatamente después de termianr el período de gestación. Se observó un detenimiento del desarrollo y crecimiento de las estructuras del oído interno. La gentamicina causó mayores daños a nivel vestibular y la kanamicina a nivel coclear. Los principales cambios cocleares encontrados fueron degeneración de las células externas e internas hacía la porción basal, así como colapso de las rampas vestibular y timpánica. Los principales cambios vestibulares fueron: falta de desarrollo de la cresta ampular, ausencia de células ciliadas e hipodesarrollo de canales semicirculares